titanium

Name titanium
Symbol Ti
Atomic Weight 47.867
Atomic Number 22
CAS ID 7440-32-6
Group Number 4
Group Name (none)
Period Number 4
Origin of Name After the Titans, sons of the Earth goddess.
Year Discovered 1791
Discovery Credits Rev. W. Gregor at Creed, Cornwall, UK and later by M. H. Klaproth in 1795 at Berlin, Germany.
Class Metallic
Color Silvery Metallic
Standard State Solid at 77 F & 298 K
Description Hard, lustrous, silvery metal. Resists corrosion due to oxide layer, but powdered metal burns in air. Unaffected by many acids, (except HF, H3PO4, and concentrated H2SO4) and alkalis. White TiO2 used in paints. Metal used in chemical plants, lightweight alloys, hp replacement joints, etc.

Diagnostic tests: 
Titanium can be detected by A); Na2(NH4)(PO4) bead, B); the reduction with metallic tin, or C); the oxidation with H2O2.

A). Titanium oxides, dissolved in the Na2(NH4)(PO4) bead, gives a glass that is yellow when hot and colorless when cold in the oxidizing flame. In the reducing flame the bead color is yellow when hot and a delicate violet color when cold. These bead tests are easily interfered with from other elements such as iron and manganese.

B). After fusing the mineral with powdered Na2CO3, dissolve the bead in HCl acid which produces a solution of Ti4+. If this solution is boiled with granulated Tin, Ti3+ is produced which gives the solution a delicate violet color.

C). After fusing the mineral with powdered Na2CO3, dissolve the bead in 1cc H2SO4 acid and 1 cc water. Heat the solution until it becomes clear. When cold, add 1cc 20% H2O2 to the mixture, if titanium is present, the solution becomes reddish-yellow to deep amber, depending on the quantity.

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